The financial standing of political figures often provides fascinating insights into their professional journey and personal choices. When examining Kamala Harris net worth 2024, we discover a story that extends far beyond mere numbers it's a narrative of decades in public service, strategic real estate investments, and the combined financial strength of a power couple. As the first woman, first Black woman, and first South Asian American to serve as Vice President of the United States, Harris's financial trajectory offers a unique window into how a career dedicated to public service can translate into substantial wealth while maintaining integrity and commitment to serving the people.
Who is Kamala Harris?
Kamala Devi Harris is an American politician and attorney who served as the 49th Vice President of the United States from 2021 to 2025 under President Joe Biden. Her historic tenure marked multiple firsts in American political history, as she became the highest-ranking female and Asian American official in U.S. history. Harris represented California in the U.S. Senate from 2017 to 2021 and was the attorney general of California from 2011 to 2017.
Before her meteoric rise to national prominence, Harris built a distinguished career in California's legal system. She began as a prosecutor in Alameda County, then served as San Francisco's District Attorney from 2004 to 2011, where she established innovative criminal justice programs that became models for the nation. Her approach to law enforcement balanced toughness on crime with progressive reform initiatives that sought to address root causes and reduce recidivism.
Throughout her career, Harris has been known for her sharp questioning abilities, her advocacy for marginalized communities, and her commitment to justice reform. During her time in the Senate, Harris advocated for stricter gun control laws, the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and reforms to healthcare and taxation. Her questioning of Trump administration officials during Senate hearings, including Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, garnered national attention and demonstrated her prosecutorial prowess on the national stage. As Vice President, she played crucial roles in breaking Senate ties, advancing the Biden administration's agenda, and championing women's reproductive rights, particularly after the Supreme Court's Dobbs decision.
Origins and Background
Kamala Devi Harris was born in Oakland, California, in 1964 to biologist Shyamala Gopalan and economist Donald J. Harris. Her unique upbringing shaped her worldview and political consciousness from an early age. Her mother emigrated from India at age 19 to pursue graduate studies at UC Berkeley, where she would eventually earn her doctorate in endocrinology and become a pioneering breast cancer researcher. Her father, from Jamaica, also came to UC Berkeley for graduate studies and became a prominent Stanford University economics professor.
Harris has written that Shyamala "knew that her adopted homeland would see Maya and me as Black girls, and she was determined to make sure we would grow into confident, proud Black women". This deliberate cultural grounding meant Harris grew up immersed in both her Indian heritage and African American culture. She attended African American churches, spent time at Black cultural centers, and developed a strong sense of identity that would later inform her political perspectives and policy positions.
After her parents divorced when she was seven, Harris and her younger sister Maya were raised primarily by their mother. At age twelve, the family moved to Montreal, Canada, where Harris attended Westmount High School. This international experience exposed her to diverse perspectives and different approaches to social issues. Upon returning to the United States for college, Harris attended Howard University through its Legal Education Opportunity Program and served as president of its chapter of the Black Law Students Association. Howard University, one of the nation's most prestigious historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), provided Harris with a foundation in civil rights history and social justice that would permeate her entire career.
Harris's educational journey continued at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (now UC College of the Law, San Francisco), where she earned her Juris Doctor in 1989. She began her legal career in 1990 as a deputy district attorney in Alameda County, specializing in prosecuting child sexual assault cases. This early work demonstrated her commitment to protecting vulnerable populations a theme that would continue throughout her career in public service.
Achievements, Impact, and Significance
Kamala Harris's career represents a series of groundbreaking achievements that have reshaped American political history. As San Francisco's district attorney, Harris implemented a program to reduce truancy rates, which included prosecuting parents of chronically truant students, leading to a significant reduction in truancy. Her "Back on Track" initiative became a national model, offering first-time nonviolent offenders opportunities for education and job training instead of incarceration a progressive approach that challenged traditional tough-on-crime policies.
As California's Attorney General from 2011 to 2017, Harris took on powerful corporate interests on behalf of ordinary Californians. She won a $20 billion settlement for Californians whose homes had been foreclosed on and a $1.1 billion settlement for students and veterans who were taken advantage of by predatory for-profit colleges. These victories demonstrated her willingness to challenge entrenched interests and her effectiveness in securing meaningful results for vulnerable populations. She also created California's first Bureau of Children's Justice and launched an environmental justice unit within the Attorney General's office.
Her Senate tenure from 2017 to 2021 showcased her abilities on the national stage. Harris was the first senator to co-sponsor Bernie Sanders' Medicare for All Act of 2017, though she later moderated some positions during her presidential run. Her questioning of officials during Senate hearings became legendary, with her prosecutorial style creating viral moments that demonstrated her ability to hold powerful figures accountable. She served on critical committees including the Senate Intelligence Committee and the Judiciary Committee, positioning her at the center of major national debates about Russian interference in elections, Supreme Court nominations, and immigration policy.
As Vice President, Harris made history in multiple ways. She set a new record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a Vice President in history surpassing a record that had stood for nearly 200 years. These votes proved consequential, including the decisive vote to pass the landmark Inflation Reduction Act, America's most significant investment in addressing climate change. She also presided over the confirmation of Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, the first Black woman appointed to the Supreme Court, representing another historic milestone in American jurisprudence.
Beyond legislative achievements, Harris served as a global ambassador for the United States, traveling to 21 countries and meeting with over 150 world leaders to strengthen international alliances. She led diplomatic efforts to address the root causes of migration from Central America, secured nearly $1 billion in private sector commitments for economic development in the region, and chaired the National Space Council, pushing for advancements in space exploration and climate monitoring. Following the Supreme Court's Dobbs decision overturning Roe v. Wade, Harris emerged as the administration's leading voice on reproductive rights and women's healthcare access.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
When examining Kamala Harris net worth 2024, the numbers tell a compelling story of steady financial growth through public service combined with strategic investments. Harris, and her husband, Douglas Emhoff, are worth about $8 million, according to an estimate by Forbes. This represents significant growth from their combined net worth of approximately $6 million when Harris first joined Biden's ticket in 2019.
The components of their wealth portfolio reveal a diversified approach to financial management. Real estate represents the largest single asset category in their holdings. A home in Brentwood, California, owned by Harris and husband Doug Emhoff, has a current value of approximately $4.4 million. This Los Angeles-area property, purchased by Emhoff in 2012 for approximately $1 million, has appreciated significantly over the past decade, reflecting California's robust real estate market. The couple maintains mortgage obligations on this property, but the equity represents a substantial portion of their net worth.
Beyond real estate, Harris has accumulated significant retirement assets through her decades of public service. Holding local and state office in California earned her two pensions; Forbes estimates their worth to be just under $1 million today. These defined benefit plans from her time as San Francisco District Attorney and California Attorney General provide long-term financial security. Harris also qualifies for a federal pension based on her Senate service and vice presidency, adding another layer of retirement income that will begin in 2026.
Investment holdings constitute another major component of their wealth. Financial disclosure forms reveal that Harris and Emhoff maintain between $2.9 million and $6.6 million in investments, cash holdings, and retirement accounts. Their investment approach has been characterized as conservative and relatively free of potential conflicts of interest. Harris holds positions in passively managed index funds and deferred compensation plans from her California employment. The couple's investment strategy avoids individual stock holdings that might create ethical concerns or the appearance of impropriety, instead focusing on diversified funds that track broader market indices.
Income streams have evolved significantly throughout Harris's career. As district attorney from 2004 to 2010, she made about $200,000 a year by the end of her tenure. Her salary actually decreased when she became California's Attorney General, earning $159,000 annually a sacrifice made in pursuit of higher office and greater impact. As a U.S. Senator, she earned $174,000 per year, and as Vice President, her salary increased to $235,100 annually.
Book royalties have provided additional income beyond government salaries. In 2018, she made around $320,000 from her memoir The Truths We Hold, and in 2019, she earned around $280,000 in book publishing advances. These literary ventures allowed Harris to share her personal story and political philosophy while generating substantial supplementary income. She also authored a children's book, "Superheroes Are Everywhere," which continues to generate modest royalty payments.
Her husband, Doug Emhoff, significantly contributed to their combined wealth before Harris became Vice President. As an entertainment lawyer at a prestigious firm, Emhoff earned over $1 million annually. However, to avoid potential conflicts of interest and support Harris's vice presidential duties, he stepped away from private practice and joined Georgetown University's law school faculty, accepting a substantial pay cut to approximately $200,000 per year. This sacrifice demonstrated the couple's commitment to ethical governance and transparent public service.
The qualitative aspects of their financial situation reveal a couple who prioritized public service over maximum wealth accumulation. Unlike many of their peers in law and politics who leveraged their positions for lucrative private sector opportunities, both Harris and Emhoff chose paths that emphasized impact over income. Their wealth, while substantial by most Americans' standards, remains modest compared to many other national political figures and dramatically lower than their Republican counterparts in the 2024 presidential race.
Public Recognition and Influence
Kamala Harris's influence extends far beyond traditional metrics of political power. As the first woman and first person of color to serve as Vice President, she has become a symbol of possibility for millions of Americans who previously saw the highest echelons of power as inaccessible. Young women, particularly women of color, now have a tangible example of someone who looks like them occupying one of the most powerful positions in the world.
Her impact on American political discourse has been profound. During her Senate tenure, her viral questioning of officials like Jeff Sessions, Brett Kavanaugh, and Bill Barr demonstrated a prosecutorial style that resonated with Americans frustrated by what they perceived as a lack of accountability in government. These moments showcased her ability to cut through political rhetoric and demand direct answers a skill honed through decades in courtrooms and one that proved effective on the national stage.
Harris's 2020 presidential campaign, though ultimately unsuccessful in securing the nomination, played a crucial role in shaping the Democratic Party's platform and discourse. Her willingness to challenge Joe Biden during the primary debates on issues like school busing and criminal justice reform pushed the eventual nominee to articulate more progressive positions on these issues. Her famous line, "I was that little girl," referring to herself as a child who benefited from school integration efforts, became one of the most memorable moments of the entire primary season and sparked important conversations about America's ongoing struggle with racial justice.
As Vice President, Harris's influence manifested in multiple policy areas. She became the administration's point person on voting rights, reproductive healthcare access, and addressing the root causes of migration from Central America. While critics argued she should have been given more visible and substantial responsibilities, supporters noted that she effectively used her platform to elevate important issues that might otherwise have received less attention within the administration.
The 2024 presidential campaign, though ultimately unsuccessful, further cemented Harris's position as a major figure in American politics. Her rapid consolidation of Democratic support after President Biden withdrew from the race demonstrated her political strength and the loyalty she had built within the party. The campaign raised record-breaking amounts in small-dollar donations and mobilized volunteers across the country, particularly among women and young voters energized by her candidacy.
Harris's cultural influence extends into popular culture and social discourse. Her style, including her signature pearls and Chuck Taylor sneakers, has been celebrated and emulated. Her multicultural background and her role as "Momala" to her stepchildren has resonated with blended families and communities navigating multiple cultural identities. She has appeared on the covers of major magazines, been the subject of children's books, and become a frequent topic of discussion in media ranging from political analysis to lifestyle publications.
Financial or Career Metrics
Examining Kamala Harris net worth 2024 through the lens of her career trajectory reveals a professional arc that prioritized public service over personal enrichment. Unlike many lawyers with similar credentials who pursue lucrative corporate careers, Harris consistently chose positions in government that came with modest salaries but significant responsibilities and impact.
Her salary progression illustrates this pattern. Starting as an Alameda County deputy district attorney in 1990, she earned a typical entry-level prosecutor's salary. By the end of her tenure as San Francisco's district attorney, she made about $200,000 a year. This represented solid compensation, but far less than what she could have earned in private practice with her experience and credentials. Her decision to become California's Attorney General actually resulted in a pay cut to $159,000 annually, demonstrating that career advancement for Harris meant taking on greater responsibilities even when it meant accepting less compensation.
The financial impact of her marriage to Doug Emhoff cannot be overstated in understanding their combined net worth. Forbes estimates brought in close to one million dollars per year working as an entertainment lawyer. Emhoff's private sector success provided financial stability that allowed Harris to continue pursuing public service without the financial pressures that force many politicians to seek more lucrative opportunities. This dynamic is common among political power couples, where one spouse's private sector earnings subsidize the other's public service career.
When Harris became Vice President, both spouses made financial sacrifices for the position. While Harris's salary increased to $235,100, this represented a relatively modest income for someone of her stature and experience. Emhoff's decision to leave his million-dollar law practice for a teaching position at Georgetown represented an even more dramatic financial sacrifice. These choices reflect a commitment to avoiding conflicts of interest and maintaining the ethical standards expected of the nation's second-highest office.
Comparing Harris's wealth to other national political figures provides important context. Her $8 million net worth stands in stark contrast to her 2024 opponent Donald Trump, whose wealth has been estimated at several billion dollars. Even among career politicians, Harris's wealth is relatively modest. Many members of Congress have accumulated significantly greater wealth through business ventures, investments, or family money. Her wealth primarily stems from strategic real estate appreciation, book royalties, and her spouse's successful career sources that are transparent and largely free from conflicts of interest.
The long-term financial outlook for Harris and Emhoff appears secure. Her California pensions will pay about $8,200 monthly, and her federal pension starts in 2026. These guaranteed income streams, combined with their real estate holdings, investment portfolio, and potential future book deals or speaking engagements, position them comfortably for retirement regardless of Harris's future political endeavors.
Challenges, Controversies, or Public Opinions
No political figure reaches the heights that Kamala Harris has without facing significant criticism and controversy. Her record as a prosecutor has drawn attacks from both the political left and right, though for opposite reasons. Progressive critics have argued she was too harsh as a prosecutor, pointing to her office's conviction rates and some controversial decisions. The left has criticized her for having been too tough, even as the Trump campaign charges that she was "soft as CHARMIN". This dual criticism actually speaks to the complexity of her prosecutorial record one that doesn't fit neatly into simplistic narratives of being either "tough" or "soft" on crime.
One of the most persistent controversies from her time as San Francisco District Attorney involves her refusal to seek the death penalty for the killer of police officer Isaac Espinoza in 2004. This decision, made immediately after the officer's death, drew intense criticism from law enforcement groups, fellow Democrats including Senator Dianne Feinstein, and many in San Francisco's political establishment. Harris defended her decision based on her principled opposition to capital punishment, but the controversy strained her relationship with the police department for years and demonstrated the political risks of maintaining controversial positions even in the face of intense pressure.
Her prosecutorial record on marijuana cases has also generated debate. During the 2019 Democratic primary debates, Representative Tulsi Gabbard attacked Harris for prosecuting marijuana cases and for allegedly blocking evidence that could have exonerated wrongfully convicted individuals. However, fact-checkers noted that many of Gabbard's claims were misleading or lacked proper context. Harris's actual record on marijuana as San Francisco's District Attorney showed that her office rarely prosecuted simple possession cases, and she later became an advocate for marijuana legalization and criminal justice reform.
As Vice President, Harris faced criticism over her handling of the immigration portfolio. Assigned to address the "root causes" of migration from Central America, she was criticized both for not visiting the U.S.-Mexico border quickly enough and for the continued high levels of migration during the Biden administration. Republican opponents labeled her the "border czar" and blamed her for immigration challenges, while some progressives argued she wasn't given sufficient resources or authority to make meaningful progress on such a complex issue.
Her 2024 presidential campaign generated new controversies and criticisms. Harris faced challenges with her answer to the question "What, if anything, would you have done differently than President Biden during the past four years?" Her initial response that nothing came to mind became a focal point for Republican attacks and frustrated some Democrats who felt she needed to more clearly differentiate herself from an unpopular administration. This struggle to balance loyalty to Biden while establishing her own identity proved challenging throughout the compressed campaign.
Gender and racial dynamics added another layer of complexity to public perceptions of Harris. Research from UC Berkeley documented how successful middle-aged women in positions of power face particular biases related to perceptions of warmth and likability. Harris confronted criticism about her laugh, her speaking style, and her mannerisms criticisms that many observers noted were rooted in sexist and racist stereotypes rather than substantive policy concerns. The frequent mispronunciation of her name, despite years in the national spotlight, was identified by scholars as a form of "othering" meant to make her appear too different or exotic to lead.
Throughout these controversies, Harris has generally maintained her composure and refused to be defined solely by her critics. She has acknowledged learning from mistakes, adjusted her messaging when necessary, and continued to push forward with her political agenda. This resilience in the face of intense scrutiny has become one of her defining characteristics as a national political figure.
Personal Life and Related Influences
Understanding Kamala Harris net worth 2024 requires examining not just her professional achievements but also the personal relationships and influences that shaped her journey. Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan Harris, stands as the most significant influence in her life. A pioneering cancer researcher who made important contributions to breast cancer treatment, Shyamala instilled in her daughters a commitment to excellence, service, and fighting for justice. Harris often quotes her mother's advice and credits her with teaching the importance of speaking truth to power and never compromising core values for political convenience.
Her father, Donald Harris, while less present in her daily life after her parents' divorce, also influenced her worldview. As a prominent economist and the first Black professor granted tenure in Stanford's economics department, he modeled intellectual rigor and professional excellence. Harris's understanding of economic inequality and her policy positions on economic justice reflect insights gained from her father's scholarly work on development economics and inequality.
Harris's relationship with her younger sister, Maya, has been particularly important throughout her career. Maya served as campaign chair for both of Kamala's presidential runs and has been a trusted advisor and confidante. The close bond between the sisters, forged through their childhood experiences and shared values instilled by their mother, has provided Harris with unwavering personal support even during the most challenging political moments.
The role of Doug Emhoff in Harris's life and career cannot be overstated. Harris is married to Doug Emhoff, an entertainment and intellectual property lawyer. The two met in 2013 and were married the next year. Their relationship represents a modern partnership where both spouses support each other's careers while maintaining their own professional identities. Emhoff's willingness to step back from his lucrative law practice to support Harris's vice presidential duties demonstrated a level of sacrifice that challenged traditional gender roles in political power couples.
As stepmother to Emhoff's children, Cole and Ella, Harris embraced the role of "Momala" a nickname the children gave her that reflects both her identity and her approach to blended family life. Her relationship with her stepchildren has resonated with many Americans in similar family situations and has added a relatable dimension to her public persona. She has spoken openly about the joys and challenges of becoming a parental figure to teenagers and young adults, sharing insights that connect with voters navigating their own complex family dynamics.
Harris's personal financial philosophy appears to emphasize security and prudence over ostentation. Despite having the means to live more lavishly, the couple maintains a relatively modest lifestyle focused on their Los Angeles home and careful investing. They've avoided the appearance of using public office for personal enrichment, maintaining transparency in their financial disclosures and avoiding investment strategies that could create conflicts of interest. This approach reflects values instilled during Harris's upbringing, where financial security was important but never the primary measure of success or worth.
Her personal interests and hobbies provide glimpses into the person behind the political figure. Harris is known to be an accomplished cook who enjoys preparing meals from both her Indian heritage and her California upbringing. She's an avid reader, particularly of fiction, and has spoken about how reading provides both relaxation and perspective. She maintains close friendships with people from various stages of her life, from her Howard University classmates to colleagues from her prosecutorial days, suggesting someone who values long-term relationships and stays connected to her roots even as she's risen to national prominence.
Current Status and Updates
As of November 2024, Kamala Harris finds herself at a crossroads after losing the presidential election to Donald Trump. Despite the electoral defeat, she remains one of the most prominent figures in American politics and the Democratic Party. The loss has prompted reflection within Democratic circles about campaign strategy, messaging, and the challenges facing the party moving forward. However, Harris's historic vice presidency and the groundbreaking nature of her candidacy have cemented her place in American political history regardless of the 2024 outcome.
Financially, the impact of her vice presidency will continue to shape Kamala Harris net worth 2024 and beyond. Post-vice presidency, Harris will have numerous opportunities to increase her wealth through traditional paths available to former high-ranking officials. These typically include lucrative speaking engagements, book deals, board positions, and consulting arrangements. Many former vice presidents and presidential candidates have parlayed their political prominence into substantial wealth after leaving office, and Harris will undoubtedly have similar opportunities should she choose to pursue them.
The current state of her California real estate holdings remains strong. The Los Angeles property that forms the cornerstone of her net worth continues to appreciate in value, though at a more moderate pace than during the pandemic-era real estate boom. The couple's strategic decision to maintain their California residence rather than purchasing additional properties in Washington, D.C., has proven financially prudent given California's long-term real estate appreciation trends.
Harris's pensions from her California and federal service represent guaranteed income streams that provide substantial financial security. These defined benefit plans, increasingly rare in the private sector, offer the kind of long-term stability that many Americans no longer enjoy. Combined with their investment portfolio and Emhoff's Georgetown salary, the couple's financial foundation remains solid even without Harris's vice presidential salary.
Looking forward, political observers widely expect Harris to remain active in Democratic Party politics and potentially pursue another presidential run in 2028. Such a campaign would require careful financial planning and fundraising, but Harris has demonstrated an ability to attract small-dollar donations and energize grassroots supporters. Her fundraising capabilities, particularly among women and minority communities, remain strong despite the 2024 loss.
The couple's approach to wealth management and financial transparency has positioned them well for whatever comes next. By maintaining relatively simple investment strategies focused on index funds and avoiding potentially controversial business arrangements, they've protected Harris's political reputation while building wealth. This careful balance between financial success and political viability reflects lessons learned from other political figures who faced criticism for appearing to profit excessively from public service.
Harris's influence on American politics will persist regardless of whether she pursues elected office again. As the first woman of color to serve as Vice President and come close to winning the presidency, she has already achieved historic significance. Her policy priorities reproductive rights, voting rights, criminal justice reform, and addressing economic inequality continue to shape Democratic Party platforms and political discourse. The networks she's built, the supporters she's mobilized, and the barriers she's broken ensure her continued relevance in American political life.
Conclusion
The story of Kamala Harris net worth 2024 extends far beyond the approximately $8 million that she and her husband have accumulated. It represents a life committed primarily to public service, with financial success achieved through careful stewardship, strategic real estate investment, and the combined efforts of a supportive partnership. Unlike many who have parlayed political careers into vast personal fortunes, Harris's wealth remains relatively modest a testament to prioritizing impact over income throughout her professional life.
Her financial journey mirrors her political ascent: steady, strategic, and built on a foundation of hard work and principled decisions. From her early days as a prosecutor earning a government salary to her historic vice presidency, Harris has demonstrated that public service and financial security are not mutually exclusive. The combination of her government pensions, real estate appreciation, book royalties, and her husband's private sector success has created a comfortable financial situation without the ethical complications that plague many wealthy politicians.
The significance of Harris's financial story lies not in its extraordinary wealth but in its achievability and transparency. For young people, particularly women and people of color considering careers in public service, Harris provides a model of how such a path can lead to both professional achievement and financial stability. Her willingness to make financial sacrifices when necessary accepting pay cuts for higher office, maintaining ethical investment practices, and avoiding conflicts of interest demonstrates a commitment to the principle that public service is a trust, not an opportunity for personal enrichment.
As Harris moves into the next chapter of her life and career, her financial position provides the independence to make choices based on values and impact rather than financial necessity. Whether she pursues another presidential campaign, takes on advocacy roles, writes more books, or chooses a different path entirely, she does so from a position of financial security earned through decades of work and smart financial planning. Her story reminds us that while money matters, it is ultimately a means to an end rather than an end in itself and that legacy is measured not in dollars accumulated but in lives improved and barriers broken.
FAQs:
What is Kamala Harris's net worth in 2024?
Kamala Harris and her husband Doug Emhoff have a combined wealth of approximately $8 million. This represents growth from about $6 million when she joined the Biden ticket in 2019, with much of the increase coming from real estate appreciation.
How did Kamala Harris build her wealth?
Harris built her wealth primarily through decades of government service, strategic real estate investment in California, book royalties exceeding $500,000, and her marriage to Doug Emhoff, who earned over $1 million annually as an entertainment lawyer before becoming Second Gentleman.
What is the largest component of Kamala Harris's net worth?
The largest single asset is the couple's home in Los Angeles, California, valued at approximately $4.4 million. Real estate appreciation has been the primary driver of wealth growth for Harris and Emhoff over the past decade.
What are Kamala Harris's sources of income?
As Vice President, Harris earned $235,100 annually. She also receives book royalties from her memoirs and will begin collecting California state pensions of about $8,200 monthly, plus a federal pension starting in 2026. Her husband earns approximately $200,000 as a Georgetown law professor.
How does Kamala Harris's net worth compare to other politicians?
Harris's $8 million net worth is relatively modest compared to many national political figures. It's substantially less than her 2024 opponent Donald Trump's multi-billion dollar fortune and modest even compared to many members of Congress who have accumulated greater wealth through business ventures or family money.